Italy

First major phase of Roman imperial rule, from Augustus to the accession of Diocletian, retaining republican institutions alongside imperial authority.

The final phase of the Roman Republic, marked by elite competition, political violence, civil wars, and the concentration of power in the hands of military leaders.

Roman imperial polity and its institutions from the rule of Augustus onward; the conventional end date of 476 CE concerns Western imperial rule, while the Eastern Roman Empire continued beyond that date.

Hellenistic dynasty ruling Egypt after Alexander, ending with the defeat of Cleopatra VII and annexation by Rome.

Cultural, intellectual and artistic flourishing in Italian states from the late medieval into the early modern period, with especially influential developments in Florence, Venice and Rome.

Global armed conflict from 1939 to 1945, including war in Europe, Asia and the Pacific, mass civilian suffering and major geopolitical change.

Traditional pre-republican phase of Rome’s history, dated according to later Roman accounts; its earliest rulers and founding stories mix history with legend.

The period from 1309 to 1377 when successive popes resided at Avignon rather than Rome, intensifying disputes over papal authority and Church governance.

A period in which the Medici exercised decisive influence over the Florentine Republic without initially ruling as hereditary monarchs.

The republican political order of Rome, from the traditional expulsion of its kings to the establishment of the Principate.

Series of wars fought from 1494 to 1559 over influence and territory in the Italian peninsula, involving France, Spain, the Habsburgs, the Papacy and competing Italian states.

Later autocratic phase of Roman imperial government beginning with Diocletian; this Movieline chronology covers its Western Roman Empire phase through 476 CE, not its later Eastern continuation.

Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 CE, burying Pompeii and nearby settlements under volcanic material and causing widespread destruction in the Bay of Naples region.

Julius Caesar was assassinated by a group of Roman senators in the Theatre of Pompey on 15 March 44 BCE.

Civil war between the forces of Julius Caesar and Pompey from 49 to 45 BCE, followed by Caesar’s dictatorship.

Allied landings in Normandy on 6 June 1944.

The devastating fire that began in Rome on the night of 18–19 July 64 CE, burning for about nine days including a renewed outbreak. The endpoint is approximate rather than an attested exact hour or day.

A conspiracy involving the Pazzi family and Medici opponents culminated in an attack on Lorenzo and Giuliano de’ Medici in Florence on April 26, 1478.

The civil war following Caesar’s assassination, culminating in the defeat of Brutus and Cassius at Philippi in 42 BCE.

Spartacus led a major uprising of enslaved people against the Roman Republic.

Roman general and politician who became a leading Caesarian power-holder after 44 BCE.

Roman general and dictator whose rise accelerated the collapse of the republican political order.

Roman emperor from 54 to 68 CE whose reign forms the political setting for the story and whose government persecuted Christians in Rome after the Great Fire.

Roman prefect of Judea who presided over the authority responsible for Jesus’s crucifixion.

Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt and a major participant in the final Roman republican conflicts.

Jewish preacher whose ministry and crucifixion form the narrative center of the film.

Capital of the Roman Empire.

The major political and religious center of Judea and the setting for much of the film’s story.

Pompeii was a Roman city in Campania near the Bay of Naples, destroyed and buried during the 79 CE eruption of Mount Vesuvius.

The cosmopolitan Egyptian city where Hypatia taught and where the film’s religious and political conflicts unfold.

The volcano whose 79 CE eruption devastated Pompeii, Herculaneum, and surrounding villas.

The kingdom attempting to exercise control over Scotland during the conflict.

The central city of the series and the seat of Medici influence during the Renaissance.

A leading Italian city-state involved in the balance of power and alliances affecting Florence.

Ancient city of Capua in Italy.

The Roman province containing Alexandria and the wider administrative and cultural setting of the story.