England

Period of England under the Tudor dynasty, including major religious reforms and consolidation of royal authority.

Later medieval centuries in Europe marked by dynastic conflict, religious change and the emergence of early modern institutions.

Global armed conflict from 1939 to 1945, including war in Europe, Asia and the Pacific, mass civilian suffering and major geopolitical change.

Phase of medieval European demographic, institutional and commercial expansion, including crusading movements and growing monarchies.

Series of intermittent conflicts between the English and French crowns from 1337 to 1453, driven by dynastic claims and territorial disputes, and reshaping warfare and royal authority in western Europe.

Reign of Elizabeth I in England, associated with religious settlement, overseas ventures and cultural flowering.

Reign of Queen Victoria in the United Kingdom, conventionally used to describe British nineteenth-century social, political and cultural life.

Global conflict centered on the European war of 1914–1918, involving empires, colonial territories and multiple military theaters.

First major phase of Roman imperial rule, from Augustus to the accession of Diocletian, retaining republican institutions alongside imperial authority.

Transnational political and social campaigns against slavery and the slave trade, with different timelines across societies.

Period of European maritime exploration and overseas expansion, conventionally dated from the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries; experiences and consequences differed across world regions.

Period of codified racial segregation and minority rule in South Africa, ending with democratic transition in 1994.

On October 25, 1415, the English army under Henry V defeated the French near Agincourt during the Hundred Years’ War.

Henry V became king of England upon the death of Henry IV on 20 March 1413. His coronation on 9 April was a later, separate ceremony and is not included in this event.

An English victory over the Scottish army led by William Wallace, after which Wallace lost his position as Guardian of Scotland.

A Catholic conspiracy to destroy the English Parliament and kill James I was uncovered in 1605.

European powers agreed to the cession of Czechoslovak borderlands to Nazi Germany at Munich.

British intelligence used a corpse with forged documents to misdirect Axis planning before the invasion of Sicily.

Royal troops besieged Rochester Castle during the First Barons' War.

Boudica led an uprising against Roman rule in Britain.

King of England from 1413 to 1422, known for his campaign in France and victory at Agincourt.

British statesman who appears briefly in connection with the political circumstances surrounding the monarchy.

The kingdom whose political independence from England is the central issue of the narrative.

Capital of the Roman Empire.

Political center of the Commonwealth during the succession and mobilization period preceding the Ottoman invasion.

City in England.