Egypt

Period of imperial expansion, powerful pharaohs and extensive political and diplomatic networks in ancient Egypt.

Hellenistic dynasty ruling Egypt after Alexander, ending with the defeat of Cleopatra VII and annexation by Rome.

Period of the Greek city-states encompassing the Persian Wars, the ascendancy of Athens, the Peloponnesian War and the rise of Macedon before the death of Alexander the Great.

The Arab Revolt was an uprising led by Sharif Hussein ibn Ali and his sons, supported by Britain, against the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

Roman imperial polity and its institutions from the rule of Augustus onward; the conventional end date of 476 CE concerns Western imperial rule, while the Eastern Roman Empire continued beyond that date.

Series of major European and global conflicts from 1803 to 1815 arising from the rivalry between Napoleonic France and successive coalitions, fundamentally reshaping Europe's political order.

Long-lived Ottoman imperial polity spanning southeastern Europe, Anatolia, the Levant and parts of North Africa.

A major crusade launched after Saladin’s reconquest of Jerusalem, involving European rulers and campaigns in the Levant from 1189 to 1192.

Global conflict centered on the European war of 1914–1918, involving empires, colonial territories and multiple military theaters.

Early dynastic phase of pharaonic Egypt marked by centralized kingship and construction of the great pyramids.

The 18 June 1815 battle at which British-led and Prussian allied forces defeated Napoleon, ending the Hundred Days and decisively changing the course of the Napoleonic Wars.

The Serapeum, a major temple of Serapis and an important pagan institution in Alexandria, was destroyed or dismantled during religious conflict in the late fourth century, after imperial measures restricting pagan cults.

The Ottoman campaign defeated the Mamluk state and brought Egypt under Ottoman rule.

Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt and a major participant in the final Roman republican conflicts.

Roman general and politician who became a leading Caesarian power-holder after 44 BCE.

Roman general and dictator whose rise accelerated the collapse of the republican political order.

Eighteenth-Dynasty pharaoh who promoted the worship of the Aten and radically challenged Egypt's traditional religious establishment.

Egyptian military commander and final pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, associated with the restoration of traditional institutions after the Amarna period.

The Ayyubid sultan who defeated the crusader army at Hattin and retook Jerusalem in 1187.

The cosmopolitan Egyptian city where Hypatia taught and where the film’s religious and political conflicts unfold.

Capital of the Roman Empire.

Country in Northeast Africa.

Strategic Red Sea port captured by Arab forces from the Ottoman garrison on 6 July 1917.

Major Syrian city entered by Arab and British forces on 1 October 1918 during the final phase of the revolt.

Historical region along the Red Sea coast of the Arabian Peninsula and the core territory of the Hashemite-led revolt.

The Latin Christian polity in the Levant where the film’s court politics, frontier warfare, and defense of Jerusalem unfold.