Alexandria

Hellenistic dynasty ruling Egypt after Alexander, ending with the defeat of Cleopatra VII and annexation by Rome.

Roman imperial polity and its institutions from the rule of Augustus onward; the conventional end date of 476 CE concerns Western imperial rule, while the Eastern Roman Empire continued beyond that date.

The Serapeum, a major temple of Serapis and an important pagan institution in Alexandria, was destroyed or dismantled during religious conflict in the late fourth century, after imperial measures restricting pagan cults.

Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt and a major participant in the final Roman republican conflicts.

Roman general and politician who became a leading Caesarian power-holder after 44 BCE.

Roman general and dictator whose rise accelerated the collapse of the republican political order.

Capital of the Roman Empire.