Africa

Period of imperial expansion, powerful pharaohs and extensive political and diplomatic networks in ancient Egypt.

Hellenistic dynasty ruling Egypt after Alexander, ending with the defeat of Cleopatra VII and annexation by Rome.

Period of codified racial segregation and minority rule in South Africa, ending with democratic transition in 1994.

Period of the Greek city-states encompassing the Persian Wars, the ascendancy of Athens, the Peloponnesian War and the rise of Macedon before the death of Alexander the Great.

Global conflict centered on the European war of 1914–1918, involving empires, colonial territories and multiple military theaters.

The Arab Revolt was an uprising led by Sharif Hussein ibn Ali and his sons, supported by Britain, against the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

Roman imperial polity and its institutions from the rule of Augustus onward; the conventional end date of 476 CE concerns Western imperial rule, while the Eastern Roman Empire continued beyond that date.

Global armed conflict from 1939 to 1945, including war in Europe, Asia and the Pacific, mass civilian suffering and major geopolitical change.

Nationalist movements and campaigns against British rule in India culminating in independence and partition in 1947.

Series of major European and global conflicts from 1803 to 1815 arising from the rivalry between Napoleonic France and successive coalitions, fundamentally reshaping Europe's political order.

Long-lived Ottoman imperial polity spanning southeastern Europe, Anatolia, the Levant and parts of North Africa.

A major crusade launched after Saladin’s reconquest of Jerusalem, involving European rulers and campaigns in the Levant from 1189 to 1192.

Armed attacks struck U.S. diplomatic and CIA facilities in Benghazi, killing four Americans.

Zulu forces inflicted a major defeat on the British during the opening phase of the Anglo-Zulu War.

Mahdist forces captured Khartoum after a siege and the British-appointed governor Charles Gordon died.

U.S. forces and Somali militia fought in Mogadishu during an attempted capture mission.

British troops defended Rorke's Drift against a Zulu attack during the Anglo-Zulu War.

Allied landings in Normandy on 6 June 1944.

Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated in New Delhi by Nathuram Godse in January 1948.

The 18 June 1815 battle at which British-led and Prussian allied forces defeated Napoleon, ending the Hundred Days and decisively changing the course of the Napoleonic Wars.

The Serapeum, a major temple of Serapis and an important pagan institution in Alexandria, was destroyed or dismantled during religious conflict in the late fourth century, after imperial measures restricting pagan cults.

British Indian troops fired on a crowd at Amritsar in April 1919; events motivated Udham Singh's later campaign.

The Ottoman campaign defeated the Mamluk state and brought Egypt under Ottoman rule.

Extremist authorities and militia carried out a genocide principally against Tutsi civilians in Rwanda in 1994.

Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt and a major participant in the final Roman republican conflicts.

Roman general and politician who became a leading Caesarian power-holder after 44 BCE.

Roman general and dictator whose rise accelerated the collapse of the republican political order.

Eighteenth-Dynasty pharaoh who promoted the worship of the Aten and radically challenged Egypt's traditional religious establishment.

The Roman province containing Alexandria and the wider administrative and cultural setting of the story.

The cosmopolitan Egyptian city where Hypatia taught and where the film’s religious and political conflicts unfold.

Country in Northeast Africa.

Capital of the Roman Empire.

Country in North Africa.

Country in East Africa.

Capital and largest city of Kenya.

Country in West Africa.