Historical Periods.

Opioid epidemic in the United States

1999

Also known as Crise des opioïdes au Canada · Crise des opioïdes aux États-Unis · crise des opioïdes en Amérique du Nord

Long-running public health crisis driven by waves of prescription and illicit opioid misuse and overdose deaths in the United States.

Solidarity movement in Poland

1980 → 1989

Independent labor and civic movement in communist Poland that contributed to the political transformation of 1989.

Iranian Revolution

1978 → 1979

Also known as 1979 İran Devrimi · 1979 Iranian Revolution · 1979 İran İslam Devrimi

Political revolution in Iran that overthrew the Pahlavi monarchy and established an Islamic republic.

Chilean military dictatorship

1973 → 1990

Also known as Au Chili de 1977 à 1988 · Chili de Pinochet · Chili sous Pinochet

Period of military rule in Chile after the 1973 coup, led by Augusto Pinochet until the transition to civilian government.

Brazilian military dictatorship

1964 → 1985

Also known as Brasilianische Militärdiktatur · Brazilian military government (1964-1985) · Brazilian Military Junta of 1969

Military dictatorship governing Brazil, marked by censorship, political repression and economic and social change.

Civil rights movement in the United States

1954 → 1968

Also known as 1960s civil rights movement · African American civil rights movement · Afro-American civil rights movement

Modern civil rights movement seeking to end racial segregation and secure equal voting and legal rights in the United States.

Cuban Revolution

1953 → 1959

Also known as Küba Devrimi · Kubanische Revolution · Revolução Cubana

Revolutionary struggle culminating in the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista and establishment of a new government in Cuba.

Apartheid in South Africa

1948 → 1994

Also known as apartheid

Period of codified racial segregation and minority rule in South Africa, ending with democratic transition in 1994.

period23

Cold War

1947 → 1991

Also known as GF · guerra fredda · Guerra Fria

Global geopolitical rivalry and ideological competition centered on the United States and Soviet Union from the postwar era to the breakup of the USSR.

war period3

Vietnam War

01.11.1955 → 30.04.1975

Part of Cold War

Also known as American War · American War in Vietnam · Amerikakrieg

Prolonged war in Vietnam and the wider Indochina region involving North Vietnam and allied communist forces against South Vietnam and its allies, especially the United States, ending in 1975.

historical era4

Space Race

1955 → 1975

Part of Cold War

Also known as carrera espacial · Corrida espacial · corsa allo spazio

Competition and cooperation in space technology and human spaceflight, particularly between the United States and Soviet Union.

war period5

Korean War

25.06.1950 → 27.07.1953

Part of Cold War

Also known as Guerra Coreana · Guerra da Coreia · guerra de Corea

Conflict on the Korean Peninsula from 1950 to the 1953 armistice, involving North and South Korea and major international intervention, leaving the peninsula divided.

historical era9

Polish People’s Republic

1944 → 1989

Communist-ruled Polish state that emerged during the end of the Second World War and ended with the political transition of 1989.

war period70

World War II

01.09.1939 → 02.09.1945

Also known as 2ª Guerra mondiale · 2.ª Guerra Mundial · 2de Guerre mondiale

Global armed conflict from 1939 to 1945, including war in Europe, Asia and the Pacific, mass civilian suffering and major geopolitical change.

war period3

Eastern Front of World War II

1941 → 1945

Part of World War II

Also known as Büyük Vatanseverlik Savaşı · Deutsch-Sowjetischer Krieg · Die Ostfront

Major European theater of World War II fought chiefly between Nazi Germany and its allies and the Soviet Union from the 1941 invasion until 1945.

war period7

Pacific War

1941 → 1945

Part of World War II

Also known as Asia-Pacific War · bataille du Pacifique · Batalha do Pacífico

Major Pacific and Asian theater of World War II, conventionally dated here from Japan’s December 1941 attacks through its surrender in 1945; the wider Sino-Japanese conflict began earlier.

war period4

Spanish Civil War

1936 → 1939

Also known as guerra civil de España · guerra civile spagnola · Guerra Civil Espanhola

Civil war between Republican and Nationalist forces in Spain, drawing extensive international involvement.

historical era5

Italian Fascist period

1922 → 1943

Period of Fascist dictatorship in Italy under Benito Mussolini up to the collapse of his government in 1943.

period3

Interwar period

11.11.1918 → 01.09.1939

Also known as Dünya Savaşları Arası Dönem · Dwudziestolecie międzywojenne · entre-deux-guerres

The decades between the First and Second World Wars in Europe, marked by political transformations, economic crises and competing international orders.

period1

Great Depression

1929 → 1939

Part of Interwar period

Also known as 1929 Dünya Ekonomik Bunalımı · Crise de 1929 · crisi del 1929

Worldwide economic downturn beginning after the 1929 crash and developing through the 1930s, with uneven consequences across countries.

Prohibition in the United States

1920 → 1933

Part of Interwar period

Also known as alcohol prohibition in the United States · Lei seca nos Estados Unidos · Ley seca en los Estados Unidos

National prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States, with extensive political, commercial and organized-crime consequences.

Russian Revolution and Civil War

1917 → 1923

Overlapping revolutionary crises and armed conflicts that ended imperial rule and led to the consolidation of Soviet power.

war period19

World War I

07.1914 → 11.1918

Also known as 14-18 · 1ª Guerra Mundial · 1GM

Global conflict centered on the European war of 1914–1918, involving empires, colonial territories and multiple military theaters.

war period1

Arab Revolt (1916–1918)

06.1916 → 10.1918

Part of World War I

Also known as Arabische Revolte · Arab Revolt · arabska rewolta

The Arab Revolt was an uprising led by Sharif Hussein ibn Ali and his sons, supported by Britain, against the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

Japanese colonial rule in Korea

1910 → 1945

Also known as Chōsen · Colonización japonesa de Corea · Corea giapponese

Period of Japanese colonial administration and resistance in Korea before liberation at the end of the Second World War.

historical era8

Indian independence movement

1885 → 1947

Also known as Hindistan Bağımsızlık Hareketi · Indian freedom movement · Indian independence struggle

Nationalist movements and campaigns against British rule in India culminating in independence and partition in 1947.

Meiji era

23.10.1868 → 30.07.1912

Also known as Epoka Meiji · époque Meiji · era Meiji

Japanese imperial reign period from 1868 to 1912, associated with institutional transformation, modernization and overseas expansion.

war period7

American Civil War

12.04.1861 → 26.05.1865

Also known as Amerikan İç Savaşı · Amerikanischer Bürgerkrieg · Civil War

War between the Union and the Confederacy from 1861 to 1865, rooted in disputes over slavery, secession and the future of the United States.

British Raj

1858 → 1947

Also known as Britanik Raj · Britanya Hindistanı · Britisch Indien

Period of direct British Crown rule in most of the Indian subcontinent until partition and independence.

period2

Victorian era

1837 → 1901

Also known as Angleterre victorienne · Arquitetura vitoriana · Epoca victoriana

Reign of Queen Victoria in the United Kingdom, conventionally used to describe British nineteenth-century social, political and cultural life.

dynasty9

Qing dynasty

1644 → 1912

Also known as Aisin Gioro · China Manchu · China Qing

Manchu-led dynasty ruling China from the seventeenth century until the end of imperial government in 1912.

Late Qing period

1840 → 1912

Part of Qing dynasty

Final phase of Qing rule in China, conventionally framed by the First Opium War and the fall of the imperial dynasty, marked by foreign pressure, reform and domestic upheaval.

historical era7

Mughal Empire

1526 → 1857

Also known as Babür Devleti · Babürlü · Babürlü Devleti

Early modern empire in South Asia noted for its regional political reach, courtly culture and architectural legacy.

historical era12

Ottoman Empire

1299 → 1922

Also known as El Turco · Empire ottoman · estado otomano

Long-lived Ottoman imperial polity spanning southeastern Europe, Anatolia, the Levant and parts of North Africa.

Late Ottoman Empire

1876 → 1922

Part of Ottoman Empire

Final late-imperial phase of Ottoman history spanning constitutional experiments, profound political change, major wars and the dissolution of the sultanate.

historical era7

Maurya Empire

322 p.n.e. → 185 p.n.e.

Also known as Empire Maurya · Imperio Mauria · Imperio Maurya

Large ancient Indian empire founded under Chandragupta Maurya and expanded under his successors, including Ashoka, before its decline in the second century BCE.