Kraków

The Great War between the allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Order, culminating in the Polish–Lithuanian victory at Grunwald.

The reign of Casimir III the Great, the last Piast king of Poland, during which the kingdom was consolidated, administratively strengthened, and territorially expanded.

Global armed conflict from 1939 to 1945, including war in Europe, Asia and the Pacific, mass civilian suffering and major geopolitical change.

A decisive Polish–Lithuanian victory over the Teutonic Order during the Great War; the Teutonic Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen was killed in the battle.

Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, initiating the European phase of World War II and destabilizing the multiethnic eastern borderlands.

A major diplomatic gathering held in Kraków in 1364 during Casimir III's reign, involving rulers and prominent political figures from Central Europe.

King of Poland from 1333 to 1370 and the last ruler of the Piast dynasty on the Polish throne.

Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, killed during the Battle of Grunwald.

King of Poland and commander of the Polish–Lithuanian coalition at the Battle of Grunwald.

Site of the decisive 15 July 1410 battle between the Polish–Lithuanian coalition and the Teutonic Order.

Nazi German concentration and extermination camp complex to which Jewish prisoners from occupied Poland were deported and murdered.