Florence

A period in which the Medici exercised decisive influence over the Florentine Republic without initially ruling as hereditary monarchs.

The Italian Renaissance, particularly its Florentine phase, formed the cultural and political setting of Medici power.

A series of conflicts involving France, Spain, the Papal States, and Italian states that shaped the later Medici restoration and political environment.

A conspiracy involving the Pazzi family and Medici opponents culminated in an attack on Lorenzo and Giuliano de’ Medici in Florence on April 26, 1478.