01
CONTESTO STORICOHistorical introduction
“Discovery” describes a European point of view: the Americas were already home to diverse societies. Conquest and colonization involved warfare, epidemics, forced labor, settlement and diplomacy. Screen reconstructions may repeat colonial myths or flatten Indigenous perspectives.
02
CONTESTO STORICOIndigenous worlds before and during contact · late 1400s–early 1500s
The Americas were home to complex, diverse societies long before European voyages. Portrayals of precontact life require particular care because cinematic spectacle often distorts evidence.
03
CONTESTO STORICOAtlantic voyages and Columbus · 1492 onward
European exploration opened new routes of exchange and conquest. It also introduced catastrophic pressures on Indigenous societies.
05
CONTESTO STORICOEnglish settlement and Indigenous diplomacy · early 1600s
English settlement created new contests over territory, sovereignty and survival in North America.
07
CONTESTO STORICOMission frontiers and colonial aftermath · eighteenth century
Missions, border treaties and colonial states continued the transformation of Indigenous communities long after initial voyages.